Psychometric properties of the statetrait inventory for. The license to reproduce is a data license for research purposes only. Psychometric study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. One of the most wellknown dimensional scale is the spielberger statetrait. Preoperative anxiety complicates treatment and requires assessment by nurses in children. The stai trait anxiety scale is a 20 item scale which asks about the frequency of occurrence of a variety of anxiety symptoms in different situations. The two commonly accepted measures of anxiety that we will use are the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai spielberger, 1983 and the taylor manifest anxiety scale mas taylor, 1953. Spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory springerlink. To determine the indicator of validity of content we addressed nine expert health professionals 3 psychiatrists, 3 psychologists and 3 nurses and a sociologist, asking them to evaluate how much relevant to the sense of familial support that somebody feels is the total of the items in the. Assessing childrens anxiety using the modified short.
The statetrait anxiety inventory stai of spielberger, gorsuch and lus. Hypothetical future orientated positive imagery reduces feelings of social anxiety in a healthy population. The stai is a frequently used instrument to measure temporary or state anxiety with respect to threatening demands and chronic or trait anxiety, which is defined as an individual response in the anticipation of threatening situations. According to studies by spielberger 1970, testretest correlations were calculated to be. Spielberger cd, gorsuch rl, lushene r, vagg pr, jacobs ga. The most secure digital platform to get legally binding, electronically signed documents in just a few seconds. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a 40item selfreported questionnaire designed.
Spielberger state trait anxiety scale listed as sstas. Children, with or without disability, are helped when pictures are used to support communication. Is there a relation between dental anxiety, fear and. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the modified short statetrait anxiety inventory stai using a modified talking mats method in children undergoing day. Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized visual analog scale measuring state anxiety rany abend a, orrie dan b, keren maoz a, sivan raz b, yair barhaim a a school of psychological sciences, tel aviv university, p. Box 39040, tel aviv 69978, israel b department of psychology, the center for psychobiological research, the max stern yezreel valley college, israel. This does not mean that it is an ideal measure but it is the most frequently used scale in research worldwide, and no other measure has received as many foreign language adaptations and citations in the last three decades.
Assessing childrens anxiety using the modified short state. This scale evaluates relatively stable aspects of being prone to anxiety or to be anxious including general states of calmness, confidence, and security. Anxiety and behavior paperback january 1, 1966 by charles d. Inventaire danxiete etattrait forme y manual for the statetrait anxiety.
The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a psychological inventory based on a 4point likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a selfreport basis. Mar 20, 2019 anxiety nursing diagnosis is defined as vague uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an autonomic response the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual. The total number of true checks is your test anxiety score. Excessive andor unrealistic worry that is difficult to control occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities. Patients were able to complete the questionnaire in less than 2 min.
See validation items are all scored positive, making it the scale easy to score but also vulnerable to left and right response bias. State anxiety can be defined as a transient momentary emotional status that results from situational stress. Manual for the statetrait anxiety inventory form y. The stai interchangeability rating related anxiety instruments was. This study investigated the nature and effects of test anxiety in terms of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological responses in an academic testing situation. The trait anxiety scale is used to describe how subjects generally feel. The stai serves as an indicator of two types of anxiety, the state and trait anxiety, and measure the severity of the overall anxiety level. The complexity of anxiety phenomena, the ambiguity and vagueness in theoretical conceptions of anxiety, the lack of appropriate measuring instruments, and ethical problems associated with inducing anxiety in laboratory settings, all contributed to the paucity of research. Twohundred ventilated patients were recruited from nine icus in the urban midwest. The stai, or statetrait anxiety inventory stai is an instrument that quantifies adult anxiety a childrens version is also available.
Three high testanxious and three low testanxious female subjects were selected from a sample of 239 undergraduates on the basis of extreme scores on the test anxiety scale and average scores on the general anxiety scale. This particular instrument is used to simplify the separation between state anxiety and trait anxiety, feelings of anxiety and depression. Isr j psychiatry relat sci postpartum anxiety in a cohort. The 6item spielberger state anxiety scale has been used as a replacement of the original version in many healthcare studies. The stai, which is appropriate for those who have at least a sixth grade reading level, contains fourpoint likert items. If that is your score, the changes are you wouldnt be looking at this book. This position finds support in cognitive conceptions of anxiety as proposed by epstein 1972, hamilton 1975, bandura 1991, and recently by eysenck 1992. Reliability and validity of the spielberger statetrait. Spielberger editor see all 4 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. A study of the statetrait anxiety inventory and the.
Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. Existing selfreport measures of anxiety such as the. For items on the astate scale, the mean percentage of ss showing increased anxiety per 1tem on the second administration was 80. Jul 12, 2007 the test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents taica is a new multidimensional measure used to assess test anxiety in elementary and secondary school students. The scale has been translated into numerous languages and its overall factor structure has been examined in a variety of samples. A reliability and validity study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. It was designed to assess levels of state anxiety and traint anxiety, through 40 items scored by a likert scale. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state scale. Spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory stai, based on the original version adapted. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. The amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale. Pdf the test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents.
Two hundred patients also completed spielberger s statetrait anxiety inventory staistate. The test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents taica is a new multidimensional measure used to assess test anxiety in elementary and secondary school students. Spielberger state trait anxiety scale how is spielberger state trait anxiety scale abbreviated. Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized. The short scale has shown adequate content validity for spanish patients receiving imv. Exploratory factor analysis techniques were used to create a shortened, 6item scale, which accounted for 66. State trait anxiety inventory esign pdf with electronic. N2 anxiety is a common experience for mechanically ventilated patients.
Items 1, 5, 9, 10, 12 and 20 from the original scale are the most relevant for the spanish patients receiving imv and 5 of these are included in the short version of the scale 83. It was designed to assess levels of state anxiety and traint anxiety, through 40 items scored by a likertscale. The state anxiety scale consists of 20 statements to indicate how the respondents feel at a particular moment in time. Content validity of the short version of the subscale of the state.
Spielbergers complete original scale stai has been adapted in spain14, but has not been used with spanish patients submitted to imv either. A significant correlation was found between the short stai by proxy scores and the childrens selfreports on the modified short stai using talking mats in the age group three to four years r 0. An analysis of the nature and effects of test anxiety. Spielberger has 57 books on goodreads with 174 ratings. Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory stai spielberger 1983 is a selfreported instrument. The scale has been translated into numerous languages and its overall factor structure has been examined in. Fill out, securely sign, print or email your state trait anxiety inventory form instantly with signnow. Pub date may 75 note 19p presented to the north american society of.
Spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory stai, statetrait anxiety inventory for children staic, test anxiety inventory tai, or lifestyle defense mechanism ldm, please contact the publisher, mind garden. As might be expected, a good deal has been learned from all of. Anxiety nursing diagnosis is defined as vague uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an autonomic response the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual. These selfreport scales measure two different dimensions of anxiety.
Spielberger scale definition of spielberger scale by. Development of a shortened state anxiety scale from the. The stai atrait scale had 20 statements to ask how they generally feel, but the astate scale had 20 statements to ask how they feel at a particular moment. Wrena, and jeri bensonb adekalbcountyschoolsystem,kittredgemagnetschool2383n,druidhillsroad,atlanta, ga30329,usa. Statetrait anxiety inventory for children staic the. The instrument is divided into two sections, each having twenty questions.
Teter sp 009 925 title application of the spielberger traitstate anxiety. Content validity of the short version of the subscale of. State anxiety can be defined as a transient momentary. It contains 20 items to assess state anxiety and another 20 items to measure trait anxiety. An instrument development study was conducted to develop a shortened scale from the 20item spielberger state anxiety inventory. Using itemremainder correlations, the most highly correlated anxietypresent and anxietyabsent items were combined, and correlated with scores obtained using the fullform of the stai. Cognitive nature of future anxiety future anxiety has a strong cognitive component and rather smaller physiological correlates, it is more cognitive than emotional. Anger scale, hostility scale, spielberger anger expression scale psychology a device that measures a pts levels of hostilityanger suppression and expression. After determining the prevalence, 30 people who had high anxiety scores were randomly classified into two 15subject groups in experimental group and control group. Is there a relation between dental anxiety, fear and general.
This license grants you permission to collect and disclose a item scores and scale scores, b statistical analyses of those scores such as group average, group standard deviation, tscores, etc. Then, data were analyzed by spss at two levels descriptive and. The participants included 300 sampled through spielberger test anxiety questionnaire and clinical interview. The scale was translated and back translated in greek by two english speaking psychologists. The stai test manual was also sent to these psychologists, all of. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to. The second scale is the trait anxiety scale t anxiety. Norms for both short trait and state anxiety scales are provided according to age. These goals were construction of a brief and selfreport scale and the employment of factor analytic. This position finds support in cognitive conceptions of anxiety as proposed by epstein 1972, hamilton. Modified spielberger anxiety scale results most women, n53 60%, showed low scores of 4 or less on a modified version of the spielberger anxiety scale while the remaining n36 40%, showed high scores. T1 development of a shortened state anxiety scale from the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai for patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support. Spielbergers most popular book is stress and anxiety, volume 1.
The statetrait anxiety inventory has 40 items divided into two scales, s anxiety and t anxiety 20 items each. Special attention was paid to coverage of symptoms across all anxiety disorders, rather than with a. Abstract past studies on the factor validity of the trait subscale of the spielberger s statetrait anxiety inventory stait do unanimously agree on its structure. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai has been used extensively in research and. The distribution of the childrens scoring before and after the procedure is presented in table 3. According to spielberger, gonzalez, taylor, algaze, and anton 1978, the development of tai was based on two goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the shortened 6item spielberger state anxiety scale using rasch analysis in general medical practice patients n 297. Scale changes are found to be closely related to grade changes, suggesting that the scale is a sensitive register of anxiety impairments. Pdf support for the reliability and validity of a sixitem state.
The stai measures two types of anxiety state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic. Using itemremainder correlations, the most highly correlated anxiety present and anxiety absent items were combined, and correlated with scores obtained using the fullform of the stai. Two studies are reported describing the development of a shortform of the state scale of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai for use in circumstances where the fullform is inappropriate. Its most current revision is form y and it is offered in 12 languages. Psychometric properties of the statetrait anxiety inventory mdpi. In the use of psychological testing for treatment planning and. B description the staic consists of two 20item scales that measure state and trait anxiety in children between the ages of 8 and 14. Pdf a reliability and validity study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. Among many instruments to assess anxiety, one stands out. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is one of the most longstanding and frequently used measures of anxiety, appearing in over 3000 studies spielberger, 1989. A score of 12 or below ranks in the lowtest anxiety range. The statetrait anxiety inventory contains separate selfreport scales to measure two distinct anxiety concepts. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with the threat. The trait anxiety scale consists of 20 statements that ask the respondents to describe how they generally feel 3.
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